Hajji Jamel is a Researcher at the field of coping and anxiety. He successfully completed his master and Ph.D in the field of Higher Institute of Sport and PhysicalEducation Gafsa, Gafsa University, Tunisia.

Today, the training center represents an unavoidable passage in the career of the high-level footballer. Training centers are among the mechanisms of National Technical Direction, to develop Tunisian football, and to improve performance in youth categories. The objective of our study is to examine the coping strategies of the competition, solicited by the elites affiliated to the regional training centers of the Tunisian Football Federation (TFF) and evaluate the interaction eff ects of coaching, experience, and the technical position. 76 U15 football players regularly evaluated through high-stakes competitions are invited in one hour aft er the competition, to settle against the Arabic version of the inventory of coping strategies of the sporting competition. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS IBM and AMOS version 21.0.0. Th e results suggest that mental distraction is the coping strategy most solicited by our participants, the MANOVA analysis, only disclosed the effect of the coaching factor on mental imagery, thought control, Eff ort expenditure and Relaxation, but regression analysis revealed no strong explanatory relationship. Overall, this study allowed us to deepen our knowledge about the coping strategies of the competition used in the preformation process in the diff erent training centers of the TFF. In addition, the impact of experience,

coaching and the specifi city of the technical position, on the choice of these strategies in competitive contexts.

Hiba A Awooda is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Physiology, faculty of medicine. She successfully completed her master and Ph.D in the feild of neuropphysiology from Alexandria University (2011) and Al Neelain University (2013) respectively. As well as master of medical education from University of Khartoum. She teaches physiology to undergraduate medical, dental, physiotherapy and nurse students. She is also a researcher with interest in developing biomarkers that are used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals.

Role of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains uncertain; this work aimed to explore the neuroprotective potential of N-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methylester (L-NAME) non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors. Th e study involved 30 adult male Wistar rats (150-250g), divided into three groups;10 rats in each: sham-operated group (control), I/R group: infused with 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally prior to 30 minutes of left common carotid artery occlusion followed by 24-hours of reperfusion, third group (test group): infused with L-NAME (15 mg/kg per weight) intraperitoneally 15 minutes prior to the same I/R period. Neurobehavioral assessments were evaluated using six clinical tests. Proper anesthesia was induced. Western blotting was used to estimate Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using ELISA and NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrate), were measured colorimetrically in both plasma and

aff ected cerebral hemisphere. Th e result shows that L-NAME group demonstrates a signifi cant improvement in neurological deficit (P <0.001) compared to both I/R and control groups. In I/R rats NF-κB was signifi cantly increased compared to the control group and L-NAME pretreatment resulted in a signifi cant decrease in NF-κB (P <0.001) compared to I/R group. Serum level of TNF-α and NO were signifi cantly increased in I/R group compared to the control group (P <0.001), while L-NAME administration resulted in a signifi cant decrease in serum TNF-α and NO (P <0.001) compared to the I/R group. In conclusions, L-NAME pretreatment for rats undergoing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion signifi cantly improve neurological deficit through it is anti-infl ammatory eff ect in a rat’s model of transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Ashraf Mohammadzadeh is an assistant professor Neonatal Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. He is a vice chancellor of Neonatal Research Center in this university since 2006 and consultant neonatologist of neonatal intensive care unit since 1992 up to now. He has published 66 papers locally and in international journals, 19 books, 71 supervision of thesis in general medicine, pediatric, and neonatology, 120 participation in national and international congress with lecture and poster presentation.

Objective: Zinc is one of the essential elements in neonatal growth, protein synthesis, and regulation of inhibitory and stimulatory synapses of the brain. It has been shown to lower bilirubin levels by inhibition of the normal enterohepatic cycling of unconjugated bilirubin. Th e aim of the study was a therapeutic eff ect of oral zinc sulfate in neonatal jaundice.

 

Method: In a clinical trial 70 term neonates with a total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels ≥20 mg/dl were enrolled. Th irty-four were treated with phototherapy and zinc (10 mg/day, single dose) as a case while the remaining as control received phototherapy plus placebo. TSB levels were measured at entrance, 12, 24 and 48 hours aft er intervention and compared together.

 

Result: Th e mean TSB levels were signifi cantly lower in the zinc group aft er 12, 24 and 48 hours (p= 0.038, 0.005, 0.001, respectively). Duration of phototherapy in the case and control groups were 2.03±0.174 and 2.33±0.478 days, respectively, with significantly lesser in the case group (p=0.002).

 

Conclusion: Th is study showed that oral zinc sulfate in a single dose of 10 mg reduced the TSB levels and duration of phototherapy.

Mohammed Alrowaily is an Paediatrician from King Abdulaziz Medical City. He undertook the present study with indigenous Maori health provider Ngati Awa and Eastern Bay Primary Health Alliance to establish if and how BlisK12 probiotic decreases pharyngeal GAS carriage and sore throats, to increase the effi cacy of school programmes particularly for the one third of children getting ARF, who do not recollect a preceeding GAS sore throat.

Background: Survival of preterm neonates has steadily improved over the past five decades, possibly due to changes in the neonatal intensive care. However, in Saudi Arabia, there are no written guidelines on the definition of the lower limit of viability, and there has been a call for such limit. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to determine lower limits of viability and survival outcome in extremely-low birth weight (ELBW) infants, and (2) to determine incidence of neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities within 3-6 years after birth.

 

Methods: Retrospective review of the charts of all live inborn ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal unit of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, within 3 years [between January 1st, 2005 and December 31st, 2007] was conducted (n=117). Data were collected on demographic and birth data, neonatal complications & interventions and death on discharge. Follow up of all survivors was done to assess the outcome within 3-6 years aft er birth, for neurodevelopmental and cognitive abnormalities. Predictors of survival were determined using logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to determine the lower limits of viability of ELBW. Signifi cance was considered at p-value ≤0.05.

 

Results: Of all ELBW infants, 59% survived, and 41% died before discharge. Survival rate was directly correlated with GA and birthweight (p<0.05). Th e 50% limits of viability were those at 25 weeks’ gestation or with >600 g. Applying the ROC curve, the optimum limits for viability were 26 weeks’ gestation and 700g birth weight. After adjusting for possible confounders, significant predictors of survival were birthweight (p=0.001) and Apgar score (p<0.001). Th e following impairments during follow up of survivors: developmental delay (39.2), cerebral palsy (36.2%), speech problems (33.3%), wasting (12.5%), mental retardation (10%), visual problems (6.6%) and hyperactivity (5.6%).

 

Conclusion: Birthweight could be considered as more valid than GA in prediction of viability of ELBW infants. The process of care of ELBW infants needs to be revisited taking these findings into consideration. Routine aggressive resuscitation of newborns at 23 weeks and/or with <600 g. birth weight should be approached with caution A multicenter study is recommended.

John Malcolm FRACP Consultant Paediatrician, Whakatane, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, New Zealand, Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer Paediatrics, Universities of Auckland and Otago, Community Paediatrics interests include Acute Rheumatic Fever epidemiology Rheumatic Heart Disease followup and ARF prevention programmes. He undertook the present study with indigenous Maori health provider Ngati Awa and Eastern Bay Primary Health Alliance to establish if and how BlisK12 probiotic decreases pharyngeal GAS carriage and sore throats, to increase the effi cacy of school programmes particularly for the one third of children getting ARF, who do not recollect a preceeding GAS sore throat.

Aim: Th is school study compares the eff ect on the pharyngeal GAS prevalence of 30 days BlisK12 probiotic for all consenting pupils, after 10 days antibiotic treatment of GAS positive pupils, compared with antibiotics alone.

 

Background: Acute Rheumatic fever (ARF) is prevalent for indigenous Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, Maori and Pacific children and young adults with an incidence similar to that seen for NZ Europeans in the 1930s. Group A streptococcal infection (mainly pharyngeal in New Zealand) precedes ARF. School programmes treating students GAS sore throats with antibiotics halved ARF. We evaluated BlisK12 probiotic containing Streptococcus salivarius, (producing two anti-streptococcal lantobiotics) impact on GAS prevalence.

 

Method: Consenting pupils with GAS positive throat swabs in two school cohorts 1 and 2 without school ARF programmes were treated with 10 days antibiotics. All pupils in Cohort 1 were then off ered BlisK12 Probiotic for 30 days. Cohort 2 school pupils only had antibiotics for GAS positive throat swabs. Th e outcomes were compared in both cohorts with throat swabs a month later. Th ose initially negative who became positive were noted and those initially positive also followed, separating probiotic effects preventing the carriage from clearance.

 

Results: BlisK12 is associated with a greater decline in GAS prevalence than antibiotics alone. BlisK12 prevented carriage rather than increased antibiotic effi cacy prolonging GAS clearance; Antibiotics unexpectedly were more effective without BlisK12.

 

Conclusion: BlisK12 Probiotic is eff ective at preventing GAS pharyngeal carriage; BlisK12 probiotic for GAS negative students might augment school ARF prevention, evaluated with two winter terms’ school sweeps assessing GAS pharyngealprevalen.

Regina Fölster-Holst is Professor at the Department for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology at the Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany. She obtained her medical degree at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel and is board certified in dermatology and allergology. She is a member of the German Dermatology Association (DDG), where she leads the Society of Pediatric Dermatology. She is executive board member of the European Society of Pediatric Dermatology (ESPD), a member of the Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Examination (IMPP) and engaged in the occupational union of the German Dermatologists e.V. (BVDD). Her scientific focuses are paediatric dermatology, allergic diseases and parasitoses, whereas the main trust of her research is in atopic dermatitis, with special research expertise in immunological and biochemical activity markers, prognostic criteria, epidemiological researches and new therapeutical strategies. Prof. Dr. Regina Fölster-Holst has received numerous awards, such as the Hans-Karrer-Förderpreis (medical brochure for children) in 1997, the “Preis der Hensel Stiftung” (1998), theTeaching Award of the Medical Faculty of Kiel (2003), the German scientific award for communication and the Perle-Award.

Exanthems are common skin diseases in childhood and are usually related to viral infections. Th e infection triggers the exanthema directly (e. g. varicella, herpes simplex, enteroviruses), via an immune response (para viral exanthems as Gianotti-Crosti-syndrome, Pityriasis rosea) or by interactions with drugs (e. g. amoxicillin exanthem in patients with infectious mononucleosis). Para viral exanthems are distinct skin diseases related to infections with diff erent viruses. While infections are caused due to the viral infection, paraviral exanthems reflects the response of the immune system to the viruses, which cannot be identified in the skin. Th e para viral exanthems include Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, Pityriasis rosea, Pityriais lichenoides, Papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, and asymmetrical perifl exural exanthema. nilateral mediothoracic exanthema, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis are not so common and eruptive hypomelanosis have been described recently.

Treeah Majors has completed her Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Emory University and her Master of Science in Nursing from the University of Pennsylvania. She is currently practicing as a Family Nurse Practitioner.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothesized to result from an impairment in social motivation leading to impaired development of social cognition over time. Oxytocin is a mediator of social motivation and has the potential to improve socially responsive behavior in children with ASD. Th e purpose of this review is to provide an appraisal of current literature on the eff ect of intranasal oxytocin on behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder.

 

Methods: Th e literature search was completed using the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search terms are as follows: Autism and intranasal oxytocin and children and behavior. Publications of all types from the years 2012 to 2017 were included.

 

Results: Th e searches yielded a total of 63 articles, 7 of which met inclusion criteria aft er full-text review. One study found a statistically significant improvement in socially responsive behavior. Two studies identified enhanced brain activity on fMRI during social information processing activities. These results point more towards oxytocin’s role in enhancing social motivation and learning in combination with reinforcing social stimuli rather than as a direct mediator of behavior changes.

 

Interpretation: The evidence supporting the use of intranasal oxytocin to impact behavior in autistic children is of low to moderate quality. Small sample sizes and the indirectness of some of the outcomes measured are primary barriers to drawing conclusions about the clinical applicability of this intervention. Further randomized controlled trials are needed before this intervention can be considered for use in a clinical setting.

Ioanna Konstantopoulou is graduated from the Medical School in Athens and accomplished her residency in Pediatrics at the second pediatric clinic of the University in Athens. She works in her private medical offi ces in Athens and on the island of Kythira. Also she works at the “Athens Medical Center” private clinic. Since November 2014 she was nominated as an International Boarded Certifi ed Lactation Consultant. Ever since she has been working on the promotion of Breastfeeding.

Despite the belief, over the years, that mothers should stop breastfeeding because they take a particular drug, almost always breastfeeding with a little drug in the milk, is safer than formula feeding. Breastfeeding mother must stop breastfeeding

because of a certain drug should ask the physician to make sure. In the rare case, there is a real concern, the breastfeeding mother should ask the physician to prescribe an alternate medication that is acceptable during breastfeeding. Most drugs appear in the milk but usually in tiny, even minuscule amounts. Th is happens because only the drug that is not attached to protein in the blood can get into the milk.:

 

a)Th ey are commonly prescribed for infants

b)Th ey are considered safe in pregnancy

c)Th ey are not absorbed from the stomach or intestines

d)Th ey are not excreted into the milk

 

Also, medications applied to the skin or inhaled or applied to the eyes or nose is almost always safe for breastfeeding. Drugs for local or regional anesthesia are not absorbed by the baby’s stomach and are safe. Also, immunizations given to the breastfeeding mother do not require breastfeeding to be stopped. X-rays and scans do not require a breastfeeding mother to stop breastfeeding for even a second. When the scan with technetium is performed, 30 hours aft er injection, all of the radioactive material will be gone and mother can breastfeed the baby without concern. However radioactive iodine which is used for thyroid scans will be ingested by the baby and it will go to his thyroid where it will stay for long. A mother should express the milk while not breastfeeding but not throw the milk. Th e milk can be used in 6-8 weeks.